Juníperus

Juniper (Juníperus) - an evergreen coniferous shrub, juniper is a classic bonsai choice, especially for beginners and patient enthusiasts of this art.
It looks like a solid, mature plant even at a young age.

Advantages:
Hardy, tolerant of mistakes
Slow-growing - retains its shape for a long time
Responds well to pruning and wire wrapping
Looks like a solid, mature plant even at a young age

Location
Juniper is an outdoor plant. It cannot be grown indoors.
Full sun (except midday) or bright partial shade
Minimum 5-6 hours of light per day.
In winter - outdoors or on a cold balcony.

Temperature
Summer: +18...+30 °C
Winter: mandatory cold wintering at 0...+10 °C
Without winter dormancy, the tree slowly dies
Control temperature and humidity (see here)

Soil (see here)
50% akadama
30% pumice
20% lava (drainage)
Organic component 10-15% of the total soil volume (see here)

Transplanting
In early spring, when the buds are still dormant but the frosts are no longer returning (March–April).
It is possible, but carefully at the end of summer without heavy root pruning, preferably with a root ball.
Young trees -once every 2 years.
Old trees - once every 3–5 years.
Carefully remove roots growing downward (no more than 30%).
Leave radial roots.
Secure the tree with wire in the pot so that it does not sway.
Partial shade, no direct sun for 3-4 weeks.
After transplanting, do not prune the crown for 2-3 months.

Watering
It is better to underwater than to overwater.
Water when the top layer is dry.
Water generously until clear water comes out of the drainage holes.
In winter, water infrequently, but do not let the soil dry out completely.
Do not water on a schedule.
Leave in a tray with water.
Check whether watering is necessary (see here)

Fertilizing
Period:
April–September.
Organic fertilizers for bonsai (see here)
Follow the instructions on the fertilizer package.
After repotting, do not fertilize for 4–6 weeks.

Shaping and pruning
Shaping: spring or late summer
Leave green scales on the branches; new shoots will not appear on the brown part.
Support: pinch young shoots (do not cut with scissors).

Wire can be applied in autumn or winter, in spring – very carefully.
Check every 2–3 weeks to make sure it does not cut into the bark.
Remove after 3-6 months.

Wintering
Outdoor conditions with protection from wind and frost (cold balcony).
The soil should not freeze completely.
Under no circumstances: warm room, windowsill.

Common mistakes
Constantly kept in an apartment.
Overwatering.
Frequent pruning.
Lack of wintering.